الوحدة الثانية للصف العاشر

Unit 2
Emergencyالطوارئ
Example English meaning Arabic Meaning Word
She became desperate when her money ran out. Extremely للغاية / إلي أقصي حد Desperately
There was a narrow ledge. A narrow shelf under neat a window حافة تحت النافذة Ledge
The neighbour quickly called the fire service . Service to fight fire by firemen خدمة الإطفاء Fire service
Disaster began when the fireman's ladder was 10 meters too short. An event that cause a lot of harm -catastrophe كارثة disaster
The officers smashed the door to enter the flat. Break into pieces تحطم-يكسر smashed
Dave leaned out and Ken held him To be in a position that is not straight انحني Leaned out
Paramedics a person who caring for people who are ill or hurt . A person who has had special training in caring for people who are ill or hurt . موظف إسعاف paramedics
An explosion suddenly smashed Helen's window and flames shot out Bright gas that comes from something burning لهب Flame
The only casualty was a fireman on the ground. Injured or killed people in an accident. إصابة casualty
The paramedics gave him first aid . Immediate help إسعاف أولي First aid
Everybody cheered to me when I won in the match. Loud voice or shout to show you like something هتف Cheered
We are late, thanks to you ! Because of somebody or somethingشكر لشخص أو لشي بفضل/ بسبب Thanks to
Thanks a lot to do all the work. Used for telling somebody that you are grateful for something. شكر Thanks (plural)
I'm writing to thank you for the present you sent me To tell somebody that you are grateful . يشكر Thanks for
A lot of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. Fell-down ينهار collapse
The stone struck me on my face. Hit يضرب Strike
There were reports of more earth tremors in Asia. Weak movement of the earth هزة /ارتعاش الأرض Earth tremor
A major earthquake will strike one of these cities. A violent movement of the earth زلزال Earthquake
There are fears tonight that a major earthquake will strike one of these cities. The feeling that might happen خوف Fear
The final number casualties is 79 injured . hurt يجرح Injure
Mayor who manage the affairs of city or a town Who manage the affairs of city or a town. رئيس البلدية / العمدة Mayor
The earthquake measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale. To find the size يقيس Measure
She wasn't able to clothe her babies To provide clothes for somebody. يكسو /يلبس Clothe
I bought a wonderful clothes The things that you wear , e.g. Trousers , shirts, etc.. ملابس clothes
Cloth material made from cotton and hair. A material that you use for making clothes, curtains ,etc.. قماش cloth

عزيزي الطالب/ة يجب عليك حفظ المفردات الآتية جيدا :

Vocabulary/ oppositeالعكس (المقابل)

Life / deathالحياة
Open / close-shutيفتح
Stopped / walked- started توقف
Inside / outside داخل
Downstairs / upstairs أسفل الدرج
Above / below فوق
Dead / aliveميت
Wide / narrowواسع
Away from / towards إلي مكان آخر
Noisily / silentlyبضوضاء
Let go / hold onيدع
Quickly / slowlyبسرعة
Push / pullيدفع
Early / lateمبكرا
Weak / strongضعيف

Synonyms المرادف(المعني)

Get ready / prepareيحضر
The following / the nextالتالي
On fire / burningيحترق
Close / shutيغلق
Begin / startيبدأ
Scared / frightenedخائف
A long way / far awayعلي طول الطريق
Very nearly / almostتقريبا
Past simple tense

عزيزي الطالب/ة بين أيدينا زمن الماضي البسيط أيقن تماما انك تتحدث عن أمر حدث وانتهي في الماضي كليا .
-Actions which happen in the past and completely finished.
*نستخدم التصريف الثاني للفعل وبإضافة –ed للفعل العادي .
تابع الأتي: ونأخذ العمود الثاني لهذا الزمن
التصريف الثالث(3) التصريف الثاني(2) التصريف الأول(1)
Finished Finished Finishينتهي
Hit Hit Hitيضرب
Seen Saw See يري
*كل الضمائر تأخذ التصريف الثاني للفعل في زمن الماضي البسيط (he –she –it –we –they –you –I ).
-I saw my friend yesterday .
-Salwa lived in Gaza four years ago.
*الكلمات الدالة علي الزمن وهي :
الماضي last (month-year-night-week) أمس –yesterday
في الماضي in the past مضيت-ago
لذلك-so
*أما في حالات النفي أو السؤال فإننا نضيف الفعل المساعد did وفي جملة النفي didn't مع إرجاع الفعل إلي أصله تصريف أول.
-He didn’t Did he ---------?
-She didn’t Did she---------?
-It didn’t Did it -----------?
-We didn’t Did we --------?
-They didn’t Did they-------.?
-You didn’t Did you -------?
-I didn’t Did I ----------? Did you----?

EX: They played football yesterday .-
Q : Did they play football yesterday?
N :They didn't play football yesterday.

*ولكن لا نضع didn't في حالة was / were لاحظ الأتي :
- I was tired. - I was not tired .
- They were very proud of him - They were not very proud of him.

*وأيضا لا نضع Did في حالة was / were لاحظ الأتي :
1- He was a teacher last month.
-Was he a teacher last month ?
2- We were very confused last week.
- Were we very confused last week ?



Past continuous tense
- To say somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time.
*يستخدم زمن الماضي المستمر للحديث عن أن شخصا ما زال مستمرا في عمل حدث في الماضي.
-he/ she /it /I --- was -we /they / you-- were .
* مع العلم بأنه يأتي مع الماضي المستمر زمنا أخر وهو الماضي البسيط .
Key words :
*هناك كلمات دالة علي الزمن منها:
في مثل هذا الوقت من أمس -At this time yesterday
بينما -while
عندما -when
حيث أن -as
لان because –
While / at this time yesterday /as ----- was/were + verb + ing.
When / as / because --- verb 2 ( past simple ).
• بعد (while – at this time yesterday ) نستخدم ماضي مستمر ومن ثم في الجزء الأخر من الجملة ماضي بسيط والعكس مع الكلمات الدالة الاخري.
-While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room.
-when we were eating , my father came .

-A thief entered my room while I was eating.
- My father came when we were eating.

-At this time yesterday, Hisham was watching a movie.
-As the thief was escaping , he fell.

*في حالات النفي نصغ not بعد was/ were لتصبح wasn't و weren't .
*أما في حالات السؤال فإننا نقدم was / were في بداية السؤال ومن ثم نكمل باقي السؤال.

Adjectives & Adverbs
الصفات والأحوال
1)Adjectives :
1-It comes before a noun to describe the noun.
EX: I have a beautiful house.
: I saw a brave officer.
• الصفة تأتي قبل الإسم لتصفه .
2-After verb to (be);
-( am – is – are – was – were ) to describe the subject .
EX: I was tired
: He is confused .
: They were frightened.
*تأتي الصفة بعد فعل يكون لتصف الفاعل .
3-After " sense verbs" ( look – seem – sound – smell –taste ---) to describe the subject of the verb.
EX : It tastes delicious !
*تأتي الصفة بعد أفعال الحواس لتصف الفاعل .
4-After verbs of change ( get – become – grow – turn ….) to describe the change.
EX : He becomes sad.
* تأتي أيضا بعد أفعال التغيير لتصف التغير.

2) Adverbs :
1-before a verb or after a verb to describe the the verb .
EX: She runs quickly.
: we slowly walk everyday .
: The neighbors quickly called 999.
*في الأحوال يأتي الحال قبل الفعل أو بعده ليصف الفعل .
2- before an adjective to make the adjective stronger.
EX: I was really frightened .
: She is very good boy .
: It was quite hot .
• أيضا الحال تأتي قبل الصفة لتقويها .
3- At the front of a sentence , to express the speaker's feeling about the whole sentence.
EX: Unfortunately, we were ……..
: Unluckily , the lift was broken ..
: Luckily , Helen was safe….
• أيضا نستخدم الحال في بداية الجمل والعبارات لتوضح شعور المتكلم عن الجملة ككل.
• مع العلم بأن الحال ينتهي ly ماعدا الأمور الشاذة مثل :
Quick quickly slow slowly neat neatly
أما الشواذ التي لا تنتهي ب ly فهي :
-Common irregular forms: ( fast – early – late – well –hard..)


Reflexive pronouns
الضمائر الانعكاسية
Meaning Reflexive pronouns Object pronouns Subject pronouns
نفسي Myself Me I
بنفسه Himself him He
بنفسها Herself Her She
لغير العاقل Itself It It
بأنفسنا Ourselves Us We
بأنفسهم Themselves Them They
بنفسك/بأنفسكم Yourself /selves You You(s& p)
*
*لاحظ/ي علاقة ضمير الانعكاس بالفاعل :
I  myself He  himself she  herself it  itself
We  ourselves they  themselves you  yourself you yourselves.

*لاحظ الأمثلة الآتية للدلالة علي ضمائر الفاعل :
1)I solved my homework myself .
2) My mother cooked the food herself.
3)The boys cleaned their room themselves.
*لاحظ/ ي الأمثلة الآتية علي ضمائر المفعول به :
1)she gave her a present .
2)Ahmad told me a truth .
3) we said him a secret .
*عزيزي الطالب/ة راجع التمارين الموجودة في كتابك الدراسي وكتاب العمل جيدا مع فهم الموضوع جيدا.


Subject & Object questions
أسئلة الفاعل والمفعول به
*عزيزي الطالب عندما يكون (what , who ) فاعل السؤال (يعني السؤال يسأل عن الفاعل )لا تستخدم معهم أفعال مساعدة مثل (( did-do-does كالأتي :
1-Who killed the old man ?
-Shady killed the old man .
2-Who called the fire service?
-The neighbours called the fire service.

1-What caused the fire ?
- An electric problem.
2-What happened the accident ?
- The old man killed.
*أما عندما يأتي بعد ( ( who-what أفعال مساعدة مثل ((do-does –did فإننا نسأل عن المفعول به كالتالي :
1-Who did the neighbours call?
-They called the fire service.
2-Who do the boys cry ?
-They cry some children ,too.

1-What did Heba buy from the library ?
-She bought some notes and books.
2- What do you know about Helen West ?
-She was 19 years old and she was a young nurse.
* أيضا لا تنسي عزيزي الطالب بأن هناك مجموعة من أدوات السؤال التي ممكن أن تستخدم أيضا ومنها (who-what-when-where-why-which-How many-how-How much-How often ….)


*فيما بعد سيكون بين أيدينا ملخص الوحدة الثالثة بالتفصيل إن شاء الله.......
* مع تحيات مدرس المادة أ. هشام المدهون.
hishoenglish@hotmail.com E-mail /
hisham_salah46@hotmail.comYahoo /