الوحدة الثالثة للصف العاشر

**Admin** الأربعاء سبتمبر 23, 2009 5:36 am

Unit 3

Working for a better world

العمل نحو عالم أفضل

Example English meaning Arabic Meaning Word

At the age of 6 he became a refugee. A person who is forced to leave his country لاجئ A refugee
The family was expelled to another village. To force somebody to leave a country. طرد Expelled
The Israeli occupation is building a new settlement A place that a group of people built and live in. مستوطنة Settlement
He published his first book of poetry Poems /a form of literature . شعر Poetry
He published his first book of poetry Prepare and print a book . نشر Published
He also used to travel without travel permit. To allow somebody to travel. إذن سفر Travel permit
The Israeli occupation was arresting some people include house arrest. To be somebody in their homes without movement outside the home. اعتقال منزلي House arrest
Darwish left and went into exile. Being forced to live outside your country. منفي Exile
He has also had several important cultural jobs. Connected with customs ,ideas ,art , music,.. ثقافي Cultural
I discovered that they still loved me. Find out اكتشف Discovered
He has been active in Palestinian national politics . The work and ideas that are connected with governing a country. علوم سياسية Politics
Many have also recently become available in English. That can be found. متوفر /فعال Available
UK's main aid agencies support communities in over 80 country. A group of people . مجتمعات communities
Oxfam works with people who are suffering . Experience something unpleasant . يعاني Suffering
Natural disasters like earthquakes or other causes of poverty . An aim or principle you believe in. أسباب Causes
Natural disasters like earthquakes or other causes of poverty . Being very poor. الفقر Poverty
Oxfam supports economic development . To improve economic . التطور الاقتصادي Economic development
Oxfam offers cheap, simple systems to produce water.. A set of rules for organizing something. الأنظمة Systems
Everybody loves his homeland. The country where you were born or your parents came from … الوطن Homeland
The programme is being repeated by popular demand. Liked by a lot of people شعبي Popular
Change to a new home in another place يتحرك إلي Move to
The first word you say when you meet somebody. Hello/ hi تحية Greet
We have finally graduated from the university. Complete your studies at school or college. يتخرج Graduate
First part of a book, report, etc.. مقدمة Introduction

Vocabulary

*عزيزي الطالب/ة يجب عليك/ي حفظ الكلمات الآتية جيدا (الكلمة وعكسها1)Opposite: (
Attacked Defended يدافع
The following The previousالسابق
Public Private
Including Excluding
Difficult Easy
Forgotten Remembered

) الكلمة ومعناها )2)Synonyms:
Along with Together with
Escaped Got away
The following The next
Continued Went on
Discovered Found out
Several A number of

Present perfect tense

-Action which began in the past and continue into the present (and have an effect on the present )
-soon past actions .
*عزيزي الطالب أيقن تماما بأن المضارع التام هو عبارة عن أحداث بدأت في الماضي وتستمر للحاضر وأيضا لها تأثير في الحاضر ( أحداث حدثت في الماضي القريب ).
*يتكون المضارع التام من الأتي : Form :
I/ They/ You --- have p.p (V3). We/
He / She / It -- has p.p (V3).

*(v3) هو التصريف الثالث للفعل
*الكلمات الدالة علي الزمن وهي كالتالي :
-just/ already /ever / never /yet /so far /for / since /up to now / recently .
في التو 1) just
-I have just completed my homework .
حتما أو فعلا 2) already
-Huda has already shut the door.
في أي وقت / في عمرك (وتأتي في السؤال ) 3) ever
- Have you ever been to Ramallah?
أبدا(وتأتي لنفي الجملة بمعني not ) 4) never
- No, I have never been to Ramallah.
بعد / حتى الآن(وهي تأتي في السؤال / وفي جملة النفي فقط ) 5)Yet
- Have you finished your homework yet ?
- We haven't seen him yet.
حتى الآن 6)so far
- We haven't played tennis so far .
حديثا 7) recently
- The teacher has finished our marks recently .
حتى الآن الوحدة الثالثة للصف العاشر Icon_cool

up till now
- The teacher has finished our marks up till now .
لمدة (وتأتي مع حقبة من الزمن )(يأتي بعدها عدد من السنوات والشهور ....)9) for
-He has graduated from 12th grade for 3 years .
منذ (ويحدد معها رقم السنة أو اسم الشهر أو اسم الحدث ...)10) since
- I have lived in Gaza since 1985.
For
Since
A moment 2 o'clock
3/4/5 minutes Monday / Tuesday /…….etc
An hour Yesterday
Many hours Last (night –week –year …..)
3 /4/ days 1999/ 2002 / 2007/ 1980……
5 weeks Last century
10 year He came …./ I was a child …
A year تأتي بعد since عبارات أو كلمات تدل علي زمن الماضي
A century

Present perfect continuous

Action which began in the past and continue into the present
* هو حدث وقع في الماضي ولكنه مستمر حتى الآن.
*يتكون المضارع التام المستمر من :
Form : has / have been V ing.
He / she / it -- has been watching.
has been smoking .
we / they / you / I - have been studying.
have been cleaning .
key words :
هناك بعض الكلمات الدالة علي الزمن ومنها . since / for

Ex : I have been playing for 2 hours .
She has been making a cake since Saturday .
He has been writing a letter .
• عزيزي الطالب كما تعرف بأن في حالات النفي توضع (not) بعد has / have لتصبح كالتالي :
Hasn't been watching / haven't been killing.
*أما في السؤال فتوضع has/ have في البداية لتصبح :
Has she been playing football ?
Have Mr. Hisham been explaining the lesson ?

Past perfect tense

*We use it to talk a bout an action which had happened before another action .
*يستخدم للحديث عن أن هناك حدثا حدث قبل الأخر في الماضي ( الحدث الأول ماضي تام والثاني ماضي بسيط ).
*يتكون الماضي التام من الأتي : Form : ) التصريف الثالث للفعل I / we / you / they / he / she / it --- had 3P.P(

*هناك بعض الكلمات الدالة علي الزمن وهي كالتالي :
/قبل before /بمجرد أن / as soon as في مرةOnce /في الوقت الذي -by the time
After/ when / until ..بعد
Once / after / as soon as/ until /-- had p.p ( past simple ).
When /by the time / before -- ( past simple ) -- had p.p

Ex: By the time the police arrived , the thief had escaped.
When I arrived at Hisham's house , he had gone out .
Once he had returned, he became active in politics .
Before my father punished me , I had broken the dishes .
After we had finished dinner , we washed the dishes .

*عزيزي الطالب/ة كما تعلم بأننا نضع في حالات النفي (not ) بعد (had) لتصبح (hadn't) وفي السؤال فتوضع في بداية السؤال :
We had finished our job.
We hadn't finished our job. ( negative)
Had we finished our job ? ( question )

النطق Pronunciation
*عزيزي الطالب/ ة في كتاب الطالب صفحة 27 يوجد موضوع بسيط في النطق وهو كالأتي :
/ t/ /d/ /Id/
كيف ممكن أن نتعرف علي لفظ الكلمات هل تنتهي ب /ت/ ولا ب /د/ ولا ب / إد/. الجواب يقول :
- أولا إذا انتهت الكلمة ب أحد الأحرف التالية ( k. p . ss . ch .sh . gh) وجاء بعدها (ed) فتلفظ ب /t/ مثل :
Worked / t / helped /t/ matched /t/ expressed /t/ . …..
-ثانيا أما الكلمات التي تنتهي ب (t- d) وجاء بعدها (ed) تلفظ /id/ . مثل :
Needed /id/ greeted /id/ ended /id/…….
-ثالثا أما باقي الكلمات فتلفظ ب / /d
Travelled /d/ played /d/ smoked /d/ …….

Tag questions
(الأسئلة الذيلية / القصيرة )

-We use tag questions when we think we may know the answer.
- نستخدم السؤال القصير عندما نعتقد بأننا نعرف الإجابة.
عندما تكون نبرة الصوت مرتفعة أو منخفضة .-The intonation goes up or goes down
- Tag questions take their form from the main verb of the sentence.
*السؤال القصير (المذيّل) يأخذ تركيبه من الفعل الرئيسي في الجملة( يعني علي حسب زمن الفعل).
-If the main verb is positive , the tag is usually negative and vice- versa.
*لو كانت الفعل الرئيسي مثبت فإن السؤال القصير يكون منفي والعكس صحيح .

* look at these examples :
- he is playing football , isn't he ?
- she can smoke here , can't she ?
- we weren't swimming there , were we ?
* عزيزي الطالب/ة الأمثلة السابقة في حالة وجود أفعال مساعدة مع الفعل مثل am-is – are – was –were – has –have –had – do- did –does- can –could ……).
*أما في حالة عدم وجود أفعال المساعدة في الجملة فإننا نستعين بالأفعال المساعدة مثل do-does- ( did طبعا علي حسب زمن الجملة إن كانت الجملة في زمن الماضي فإننا نستخدم الفعل المساعد did وإن كانت الجملة في المضارع فإننا نستخدم do/ does وانظر إلي الأمثلة التالية :
- He lives in Gaza , doesn't he ?
- She escaped quickly, didn't she ?
-we had a car , didn't we ?
-she never smokes here, does she ?

• عزيزي الطالب/ ة عليك بالدراسة جيدا لأننا علي وشك الانتهاء من الفصل الدراسي الأول مع تمنياتي لجميع الطلاب والطالبات التوفيق والنجاح .
• مع تحيات أ.هشام صلاح المدهون